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W2 vs C2C – All You Need to Know and the Difference | OPTnation

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What is W2 and Corp to Corp? Difference between W2 vs C2C

January 10, 2020December 4, 2023Max Troy

People who are currently working or retired will agree with the statement that receiving the first salary is one of the most memorable moments of their life. Earning money gives you wings of freedom and a sense of responsibility. This is especially true if you are an international student in the United States. Students coming from other countries are also allowed to work part time in this country and this helps them to sustain themselves by paying for their boarding and lodging. This in turn reduces the financial burden on their families who have most probably spent a good amount on their college or university fees. Students in the USA put in their best effort to find a full-time or a part-time job. But you must gain the necessary knowledge before accepting any employment opportunity, especially if you are an international student pursuing education in the USA. You need to compare various modes of working to taking the right decision. In simple words, you should understand what “W2 vs C2C” is.

If you have already heard of these terms, your mind might be baffled by a lack of clear information. Don’t worry as this blog post will enlighten you on W2 and C2C. Continue reading to find answers to all your queries. We will start with understanding what W2 and C2C actually are and who falls in which category. Once you have understood this you can go ahead and apply for a job under the category to which you belong.

What are W2 and C2C?

W2 and C2C are working options available for prospective employees who come into contact with any organization or employer through staffing or recruitment agencies. These prospective employees are called ‘candidates’ or ‘consultants’. Here comes an important question – “What is the basis of this categorization, i.e., W2 and C2C?” Well, whether you will fall under the W2 category or C2C category depends on the relationship between the staffing agency and employer and many other factors. We will look at these factors in detail in this blog post, so that if you are a student in the United States or planning to become one then you can make sure that you are on the right side of the employment laws of this country.

What is W2?

W2, which stands for the wage and tax statement, is a tax form given by the employers to employees in the month of January every year. This document contains the details related to income earned and taxes payable by an employee. Now, to be classified under this category, you must satisfy certain conditions.

Let’s see what constitutes a W2 Employee/Contractor.

Many people learning about W2 vs C2C get intrigued by the difference between a W2 employee and a W2 contractor. Well, these terms are used interchangeably as the line between ‘employee’ and ‘contractor’ becomes blurred when it comes to W2.

But, ‘W2 employee’ sounds more appropriate while discussing this working arrangement. The term ‘W2 employee’ refers to the person who is referred to the organization through a staffing or employment agency. The following example will clarify it better.

‘John’ takes the help of the ‘ABC’ recruitment agency for landing a job in ‘XYZ’ company. Now, John performs duties prescribed by the organization, i.e., end client of a staffing agency, which is XYZ Company in this case, within working hours and rules of the organization. Therefore, he is treated like a full-time employee in certain aspects, such as taxation and payroll benefits.

The taxes of an employee are deducted from his salary and paid to the concerned authorities on his behalf. However, the benefits provided to him vary from company to company. While a company ‘A’ might offer him a number of benefits, like health insurance, sick leaves, paid vacation and a retirement plan, a company ‘B’ might choose to offer only a few benefits. As a candidate you should clarify these benefits with your employment agency before you even apply for the job. And make sure that you take up a job which gives you the benefits that you require.

An important point to consider here is that John will be on the payroll of ABC recruitment agency as he is considered as their employee. He will be called as “W2 of ABC recruitment agency”. For ‘XYZ’ company, John is a contractor, with whom a contract will be signed. So, even if John switches from ‘XYZ’ to ‘PQR’ company on the recommendation of ‘ABC’ recruitment agency, he will still officially remain as an employee of ‘ABC’ agency.

Another advantage of being a W2 employee is that John can work for multiple companies or employers. Moreover, he does not need to calculate taxes or keep records of accounting transactions. He will receive a W2 tax form with details of his salary, tax withholdings, and so on from the staffing agency. He can use this tax form for filing his taxes. Generally, the contract for this type of employment is for a fixed period of time.

Hence, the employer cannot terminate you before the end date of the contract, except in cases of gross misconduct. The recruitment or placement agency gets paid by their end client for their services, which include finding new candidates, scheduling interviews, etc.

We hope ‘W2 vs C2C’ is not seeming as difficult to you as it was at the beginning of this blog post. Moving further, let’s delve into C2C.

What is C2C?

C2C, which stands for Corp-to-Corp or Corporation-to-Corporation is an agreement that takes place between two business entities. Individuals searching for a suitable opportunity to work and earn can choose this route. You should have the status of an ‘S-corp’ or an ‘LLC’ to enter into a C2C agreement. “But is it that simple?”

To understand C2C more clearly, read the paragraphs below.

To set up an ‘S-corp’ or an ‘LLC’, you need to complete various time-consuming and expensive processes. Next, you need to find an organization that not only requires the skills and talent possessed by you but also agrees to pay fees expected by you. Being the sole authority of your business, you can exercise greater control over operations and working conditions.

C2C working arrangement is preferred by companies that recruit people for short-term contracts. So, you can switch companies or employers for learning new skills and acquiring experience. But, at any given time, you cannot work for more than one employer. Companies that wish to avoid the burden associated with hiring and retaining employees go for C2C.

You should buy a liability insurance plan for covering the claims made against your business for compensation of damages or injuries. Taxes will not be deducted from the salary or fees paid to you. But wait before you jump with excitement as no deduction of taxes does not mean that taxes will not be levied on your income. You will be responsible for calculating and filing your taxes on a quarterly basis.

You can ask an accountant to assist you, but it would lead to an additional expense. The tax rate imposed on consultants in this arrangement is higher than that imposed on W2 employees or 1099 independent contractors. However, as they say, ‘every cloud has a silver lining’, you can charge higher remuneration from the company for fulfilling your tax obligations as well as reimbursing the expenses incurred by you.

You need to submit an invoice to the company for receiving the payment of work completed by you. The payment is released after 30-60 days. At times, it can take even more than 60 days. As you cannot be considered as an employee of the organization for which you are working, you will not be able to enjoy healthcare, retirement and other benefits. But, it gives you a chance to design your own benefits package and retirement plan.

If you are a student visa-holder in the USA, the debate of C2C vs W2 might have become more complicated after reading the above paragraphs. To get an answer to your question “Where do I fit in?”, continue reading…

You can become a part of this arrangement by signing an agreement with a placement agency. Your resume will be shared with the clients of the placement agency. On getting selected by one of the companies, you can start working. But, officially, you will be on the payroll of the staffing agency. You will be considered and treated as an employee of the recruitment agency.

Another scenario that is categorized as ‘C2C’ is where two recruitment firms join hands to meet the needs of a company. Let’s suppose ‘ABC’ placement agency has ‘XYZ’ company as a client. Now, ‘XYZ’ company needs a person for carrying out certain activities. But ‘ABC’ recruiters can’t find a suitable match in their database. So, they approach ‘PQR’ staffing agency that has a candidate who can best fit the position.

The candidate, on clearing the interview, will begin to work for the ‘XYZ’ company. Unlike, W2 employees, C2C consultants don’t have job security or chances of getting a contract IT job converted to full-time employment. In fact, if you have joined an organization through a recruiter, the spoiling of relations between the two can also affect your contract. So, you might find yourself unemployed for no fault of yours.

W2 vs C2C – Differences You Must Know

We are sure that you must have gained a better understanding of W2 and C2C (Corp-to-Corp) forms of employment by now. Though you can read between the lines to know the differences between W2 and C2C, we have mentioned them distinctly here.

Basis

C2C

Term

A W2 contract is relatively for a longer duration. So, you can gain expertise in the field of your choice.

A C2C contract is for a quite short period of time. So, you can explore new fields frequently.

Formalities

You don’t need to complete any process for registering a business or calculating taxes.

You need to register your business as an ‘S-corp’ or an ‘LLC’ entity. You have to take care of bookkeeping to calculate profits/losses and taxes.

Flexibility

A W2 employee can work for more than one employer.

A C2C consultant cannot work for more than one employer.

Expense reimbursement

W2 employees cannot claim reimbursement for some of their expenses.

C2C consultants can claim reimbursement of their expenses as they are operating their own business.

Paid leaves and vacation

The benefits, such as paid sick leave and vacation are provided to a W2 employee.

A C2C consultant is not given paid sick leave and vacation.

Management

A W2 employment relationship is easy to manage.

A C2C relationship is difficult to manage.

W2 Contract vs Corp to Corp – Which is Better for You?

While both W2 and C2C have their own set of pros and cons, no one option can be deemed best in every situation. A particular disadvantage linked to the W2 working arrangement might work in favor of a certain candidate. Therefore, you must weigh several factors out to decide which option is the best for you.

We have provided some tips for making your task easy. Let’s have a look at them:

If you accept a W2 employment offer, you will be entitled to various benefits. You should read the contract properly to know the benefits.

If you choose to set up an ‘S-corp’ or an ‘LLC’, you must learn how to register business and file taxes as per the rules applicable in your state.

In case of legal claims, a C2C consultant can get a little relief, as their personal assets will be considered as separate from his business assets.

Conclusion

Congrats! You made it to the conclusion. We admire your interest level and patience. You need to show the same qualities while hunting for your job. In the end, we will just like to say that whenever you visit any staffing agency or organization, engage in an open dialogue to make sure you make the right decision. Don’t let any of your confusion regarding W2 vs C2C come in the way of your career.

Posted UnderCareer Tips Employer TipsTaggedc2c employment c2c vs w2 difference between w2 and c2c w2 c2c w2 vs c2c

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What is C2C? Understanding the Customer-to-Customer Model

is C2C? Understanding the Customer-to-Customer ModelBusiness News Daily receives compensation from some of the companies listed on this page. Advertising DisclosureAdvertise With UsBusiness TopicsFeatured Topics26 Great Business Ideas for EntrepreneursThe Best Small Business Government Grants in 2024Startup Costs: How Much Cash Will You Need?How to Get a Bank Loan for Your Small BusinessBest Small Business Loans of 2024StartArrowFeatured TopicsBusiness IdeasBusiness PlansStartup BasicsStartup FundingFranchisingSuccess StoriesEntrepreneursFeatured TopicsHow to Conduct a Market Analysis for Your BusinessLocal Marketing Strategies for SuccessTips for Hiring a Marketing CompanyBenefits of CRM SystemsThe Best Credit Card Processors of 2024GrowArrowFeatured TopicsSales & MarketingFinancesYour TeamTechnologySocial MediaSecurityFeatured TopicsGuide to Developing a Training Program for New EmployeesHow Does 401(k) Matching Work for Employers?Why You Need to Create a Fantastic Workplace CultureBest Business Phone Systems of 2024The Best PEOs of 2024LeadArrowFeatured TopicsLeadershipWomen in BusinessManagingStrategyPersonal GrowthFeatured TopicsBest Accounting Software and Invoice Generators of 2024Best Payroll Services for 2024Best POS Systems for 2024Best CRM Software of 2024Best Call Centers and Answering Services for Businesses for 2024FindArrowFeatured TopicsHR SolutionsFinancial SolutionsMarketing SolutionsSecurity SolutionsRetail SolutionsSMB SolutionsStartGrowLeadFindHomeArrowStart Your BusinessArrowStartup BasicsUpdated Jan 09, 2024What is C2C?Andreas Rivera, Business Strategy Insider and Senior WriterTable of ContentsOpen rowC2C stands for “consumer to consumer” or “customer to customer”; it’s a business model that fosters commerce between private individuals, usually in an online environment. C2C companies act as intermediaries to foster engagement and help consumers reach bigger audiences. Whether a C2C platform focuses on goods or services, this e-commerce category facilitates transactions between people. We’ll look at C2C commerce and explain how this business model operates. Did you know? Other typical business models include business-to-business (B2B), consumer-to-business (C2B), and business-to-consumer (B2C).What is C2C commerce?In the C2C model, a consumer – not a business – sells goods or services to another consumer. Today, the C2C business model is typically associated with e-commerce and online selling platforms like Craigslist or Etsy. Some C2C platforms, including OfferUp, prioritize mobile commerce via apps. However, C2C can refer to any business that creates a market between consumers. A newspaper’s classified ads section or an in-person auction house are also examples of C2C businesses. C2C companies facilitate consumer relationships, helping buyers and sellers locate and engage with each other. They’re especially useful for niche markets. For example, if you’re selling a used car, you may not know anyone interested in its specific make and model. However, a C2C marketplace can help you connect with your target customer and make the sale. The C2C model allows customers to access hard-to-locate products and find the best price among competing sellers. Did you know? Some sellers use C2C platforms as an arbitrage opportunity, buying goods, such as high-quality used clothes, for their online resale business. How is C2C different from B2C?While C2C platforms help consumers sell to other consumers, business-to-consumer companies sell directly to consumers. Today, B2C typically refers to online retailers, but traditional retailers like mall stores also follow a business-to-consumer model. Here are some characteristics of the B2B business model: B2B organizations typically offer various products or services they develop or purchase from a manufacturer or originator.B2B companies make money by selling directly to their customers.To succeed, B2B companies must understand what customers want and how to motivate them to purchase. B2B companies usually have control over their products’ quality. B2B companies must offer excellent customer service to stand out and build customer loyalty and repeat business. In contrast, a C2C business’s primary service is helping sellers reach larger audiences. They make money from fees or commissions they charge sellers in return for listing items for sale. Additionally, since C2C websites are intermediaries that match buyers to sellers, they have little control over product quality. Did You Know?Did you knowMoney-transfer platform PayPal is often used to facilitate transactions for C2C sales, usually with a small transfer fee. But this market is also evolving, thanks to the rise of C2C payment platforms like Venmo, Google Pay, and Zelle.

What are the advantages of the C2C model?C2C companies and participants enjoy several benefits from the business model. C2C has minimal costs. Since C2C platforms don’t have to provide products, minimal costs are involved. This keeps margins higher for sellers and prices lower for buyers. C2C is convenient for sellers. Sellers enjoy the convenience that C2C marketplaces provide. For example, if someone wants to sell a collection of old books, they don’t have to deal with the hassle of locating potential buyers. Instead, they can join a C2C marketplace and access many potential buyers. C2C is convenient for buyers. Buyers also find the C2C model convenient. They don’t have to research offline and drive around to visit stores searching for an item they want. They can access a C2C site and easily search for even hard-to-find items.What are the disadvantages of the C2C model?C2C businesses also create challenges for participants. Credit card payments can be challenging. Credit card transactions can be difficult on some C2C platforms. Some platforms may not support or be able to process credit cards. However, options like PayPal and Venmo are mitigating these challenges. Lack of quality control. C2C transactions may lack quality control. Since the sellers are consumers, there is often little recourse for poorly made or misrepresented products. Additionally, because the buyers are also consumers, payment guarantees can be hard to enforce.C2C platforms can be vulnerable to scams. C2C platforms can be rife with scams as opportunists find ways to take advantage of others. Buyers must be wary of sellers who can’t answer detailed questions about items for sale. They should also avoid any seller that pressures them to buy immediately. C2C platforms must enforce rigorous policies to ensure buyers and sellers feel safe using their C2C marketplace. Many platforms implement comprehensive selling policies that, if violated, result in the users being banned. What are examples of C2C companies?Thanks to the internet, bigger and more powerful companies are fostering C2C interactions. Here are some examples: eBay. eBay is a prominent example of a C2C intermediary. It includes fixed-price and auction items and appeals to customers seeking good deals and hard-to-find products.Amazon. Amazon is both a B2C and C2C platform. Its Amazon Marketplace focuses on third-party sellers offering new and used items. Selling on Amazon requires creating a seller account, listing products, and shipping directly to the consumer or Amazon.Craigslist. Craigslist is another well-known C2C marketplace where people can buy and sell goods and trade services. Craigslist’s localized sites for cities worldwide create a community feel. Craigslist focuses on facilitating relationships. For example, property owners can reach potential renters, and experts can reach people who need their services.Etsy. Etsy began as an online community for artists, crafters, and vintage fans. It’s now an established marketplace for unique, handmade, original items.Facebook Marketplace. Facebook Marketplace connects buyers and sellers in specific locations. All transactions are free, unlike eBay, which takes a transaction fee on sales. Airbnb. Airbnb allows users to post their residence for short-term lodging to other users for a nightly rate.Fiverr. Fiverr enables users to post a personal for-hire service for as low as $5. These services range from giving financial advice to graphic design.Key TakeawayKey takeawayWhile similar, C2C differs from the P2P (peer-to-peer) model. P2P transactions are directly between consumers, while C2C typically has an intermediary platform.

C2C commerce has a bright futureThe internet has enabled companies to create C2C marketplaces on an unprecedented scale. In Europe, the pandemic accelerated the C2C trend, consultancy McKinsey found, since so many people took the time to get rid of unwanted possessions. Additionally, since customers prefer sustainable products, sustainability concerns could drive further C2C growth. One thing to note: creating a C2C platform is often unrealistic for SMBs since the business model often requires having or building a huge audience.Alex Halperin contributed to the reporting and writing in this article.Share Article:Share this on FacebookShare this on twitterShare this on LinkedInAndreas Rivera, Business Strategy Insider and Senior WriterAndreas Rivera is a multimedia wiz who has spent years testing and analyzing the latest B2B software solutions and services. He engages with top programs and tools to determine the best products for businesses across a range of sectors. He also recommends the best practices and strategies for specific business areas.

Rivera has a firm understanding of what small business owners need thanks to the time he's spent interviewing countless entrepreneurs and industry experts. He also has hands-on experience in customer acquisition, marketing, PR and thought leadership. He earned a bachelor's in communication and journalism from the University of Utah.

Related ArticlesWhat Is E-commerce? Everything You Need To Know About Selling OnlineHow to Accept Credit CardsWhat Is B2C?Top E-Commerce Challenges Facing SMBsWhat Businesses Need to Know About VenmoWhat Is C2B?PayPal Alternatives for Accepting Online PaymentsMore Related articles Related ReviewsThe Best Phone Systems for Small BusinessesThe Best Business Accounting Software Services of 2024Best Payroll Services for 2024More Related reviews Recommended NextHow to Start Selling OnlineFacebook Marketplace vs. the Competition for E-Commerce BusinessesPayPal and Merchant Account DifferencesThe 5 Best Accounting Software Choices for E-commerce Businesses: Our Top Picks for 2024More Related articles Back to topIn partnership with , presents the b. newsletter:Building Better BusinessesInsights on business strategy and culture, right to your inbox.Part of the business.com network.Subscribeinfo@businessnewsdaily.com200 5th Avenue, 2nd FloorWaltham, MA 02451Visit us on FacebookVisit us on LinkedInVisit us on twitterResourcesHow to Start a BusinessHow to Market Your BusinessHow to Hire For Your BusinessSelf Employed Tax CalculatorSalary to Hourly CalculatorOur CompanyAbout UsPrivacy PolicyDo Not Sell My Personal InfoTerms of UseCopyright PolicyAdvertising DisclosureOur BrandsBusiness.comBuyerZone© 2024 business.comAll Rights Reserv

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1History

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1.1First franchise (1996–2014)

1.1.1LTS Rail

1.1.2National Express

1.2Second franchise (2014–2021)

1.2.1Trenitalia

1.3Rail contract (2021–present)

2Branding and marketing

3Services

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3.1Routes

3.2London terminus

3.3Stations

3.4Timetable

3.5Future services

4Ticketing

5Rolling stock

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5.1Slam-door replacement

5.2Overcrowding relief

5.3Current fleet

5.4Former fleet

6Performance

7References

8External links

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

British train operating company

For other uses, see C2C (disambiguation).

c2cClass 357 Electrostar at Southend East station in November 2020OverviewFranchise(s)London, Tilbury & Southend: 26 May 1996 – 8 November 2014Essex Thameside: 9 November 2014 – 18 July 2021Contract(s)Essex Thameside: 19 July 2021 – 20 July 2025Main route(s)Fenchurch Street to ShoeburynessOther route(s)Fenchurch Street to Grays via RainhamFenchurch Street to Pitsea via OckendonLiverpool Street to ShoeburynessFleet size74 Class 357 Electrostar sets12 Class 720/6 Aventra setsStations called at28Stations operated25Parent companyPrism Rail (1996–2000)National Express (2000–2017)Trenitalia (2017–present)Headquarters7th Floor, Centennium House, 100 Lower Thames Street, London, EC3R 6DLReporting markCCDates of operation26 May 1996 (1996-05-26)–PredecessorNetwork SouthEastTechnicalLength125.5 kilometres (78.0 mi)OtherWebsitewww.c2c-online.co.uk

Route map

Legend

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LondonFenchurch Street

LondonLiverpool Street

Limehouse

Stratford

West Ham

East Ham Depot

Barking

Dagenham Dock

Upminster

Rainham

Ockendon

Purfleet

Chafford HundredLakeside

Grays

West Horndon

Tilbury Town

East Tilbury

Laindon

Stanford-le-Hope

Basildon

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Leigh-on-Sea

Chalkwell

Westcliff

Southend Central

Southend East

Thorpe Bay

Shoeburyness

c2c (legal name Trenitalia c2c Limited) is a British train operating company owned by Trenitalia that operates the Essex Thameside railway contract. It manages 25 stations and its trains call at 28. c2c provides commuter services from its London Fenchurch Street terminus to parts of East London and south Essex along the London, Tilbury and Southend line. At weekends it also operates from London Liverpool Street.

The company began operating as LTS Rail in May 1996 under the ownership of Prism Rail, which had been awarded the London, Tilbury & Southend railway franchise as part of the privatisation of British Rail. LTS Rail rebranded as c2c in 2000 and Prism Rail was bought by National Express later that year. National Express was awarded a second franchise in 2014. It sold c2c to the Italian operator Trenitalia in February 2017. The service has been run as a rail contract since 19 July 2021.

History[edit]

First franchise (1996–2014)[edit]

LTS Rail[edit]

The London, Tilbury and Southend franchise was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail. In December 1995 the franchise was awarded to a management buyout and handover was due to happen on 4 February 1996. However, on 1 February 1996 ticketing and settlement irregularities were discovered and the other shortlisted bidders were invited to tender again.[1][2][3] In May 1996, the franchise was awarded to Prism Rail by the Director of Passenger Rail Franchising for 15 years. It began operating as LTS Rail on 26 May 1996.[4] The franchise period could be reduced to seven years if the operator did not fulfil bid commitments to replace rolling stock with new trains.[1]

Passenger numbers increased above forecasts which caused overcrowding as trains reached capacity at peak times.[5] In 1998 the franchise was renegotiated to provide for the elimination of slam-door rolling stock and increased fleet by March 2002, increased staffing of stations, real-time passenger information system, improved security measures, improved station facilities for disabled people, increased cycle storage and pedestrian access from Chafford Hundred railway station to Lakeside Shopping Centre.[6]

LTS Rail started serving West Ham station from 14 May 1999 to coincide with the opening of the Jubilee line extension. Peak services were restricted at West Ham, because of limitations of the signalling system. These were eliminated in time for the December 2011 timetable change ahead of the 2012 Summer Olympics.[7]

The business was rebranded as c2c on 2 July 2000.[8] To coincide with the rebranding, the company website was launched on 16 June 2000.[9] The company name was changed from LTS Rail Limited to c2c Rail Limited.

National Express[edit]

In July 2000, c2c was included in the sale of Prism Rail to National Express.[10][11] The merger of the companies was completed on 19 September 2000.[12] National Express combined the management and support functions of c2c, Silverlink, WAGN and Stansted Express in a single organisation called London Lines in March 2001.[13]

Fenchurch Street station management transferred from c2c to Network Rail in March 2002.[14]

In January 2005, it was announced that an on-train television service would be tried out, and one unit had television installed. In June 2006, the 360 On-Board Television service ran into financial difficulties when c2c's partner in the project, TNCI (UK), ceased trading, and the service was withdrawn. c2c indicated it would restart the roll-out should a suitable partner be found.[15]

In June 2006, it was announced that portable X-ray machines and metal detectors would be randomly placed at stations and carried by officers on trains during summer 2006 to catch people carrying weapons, in a joint operation with Essex Police and British Transport Police, following trials at London Underground stations.[16]

A peak timetable introduced on 11 December 2006, with the aim of improving services for the Thurrock and London Riverside sections of the Thames Gateway, was withdrawn on 8 January 2007 after a campaign by passengers as a result of delays and cancellations that affected other lines on the network.[17][18] c2c agreed in 2006 to work with Passenger Focus to establish a passenger panel.[19]

In October 2007, c2c announced that the first coach of each unit would be made a Quiet Zone, where passengers are asked not to use their mobile phones or play music out loud.[20] The Quiet Zone was introduced in early 2008 and is indicated by magenta vinyl stickers on the doors of the coach.[21]

In October 2007, c2c announced that it had switched to renewably-generated electricity in all its stations, maintenance facilities and offices in a contract with E.ON UK, said to be the largest of its kind in the transport sector.[22]

The franchise was originally due to conclude on 26 May 2011. In December 2010, the Department for Transport (DfT) granted National Express an extension until 26 May 2013 to allow DfT time to conduct a review of the franchising process.[23] In March 2013, the Secretary of State for Transport announced the franchise would again be extended until 13 September 2014.[24] A further delay saw this extended until 8 November 2014.

Second franchise (2014–2021)[edit]

On 9 November 2014, National Express was awarded the new 15-year Essex Thameside franchise, having successfully tendered against Abellio, FirstGroup and MTR Corporation.[25][26] The c2c brand was retained for the new operator, NXET Trains Limited, which replaced c2c Rail Limited.[27][28] Management of Fenchurch Street station transferred from Network Rail to c2c.[14]

In December 2015, c2c introduced a new timetable to reflect long-term changes in passenger numbers at stations on the line.[29] Consultation responses to the draft timetable published in October 2014 indicated dissatisfaction with many of the proposed changes.[30] c2c was criticised for putting the interests of "one-stop hoppers" (passengers travelling between Barking and West Ham) above those who travel further on the line.[31]

Trenitalia[edit]

In February 2017 National Express sold c2c to Trenitalia.[32][33][34] c2c was the only remaining National Express operated UK rail franchise, down from a peak of nine in 2003.[35] The company name was changed to Trenitalia c2c Limited.

On 1 April 2017, c2c introduced a new on-board Wi-Fi service free to all customers. Also, it has an on-board entertainment service called Vista. c2c has partnered with Now TV to provide free television shows available to stream for c2c passengers.[36]

During the summer of 2019 c2c ran an hourly weekend limited stop service between Fenchurch Street and Shoeburyess.[37] The new service coincided with the weekend extension of Fenchurch Street to Southend Central via Ockendon trains to Shoeburyness, providing a seven trains per hour service between Shoeburyness and Benfleet on Saturdays and a five trains per hour service on Sundays.[38]

In September 2019 it was announced that c2c had invested more than £10 million into a new self service ticketing system with a user-friendly self-service interface developed with Voodoo Park. The interface is completely web-based and can be remotely repaired.[39] The ticket machines installed in 2019 are from the Italian company Sigma Spa.[40]

On 23 September 2019, c2c announced that it would be removing the first-to-last staffing at some stations and reducing ticket-office opening hours.[39]

On 31 March 2020 Trenitalia and the Department for Transport entered into an emergency measures agreement to vary the terms of the franchise agreement during the COVID-19 pandemic.[41] This took effect on 1 April 2020 and lasted until 20 September 2020. On 19 September 2020 Trenitalia and the Department for Transport entered into an emergency recovery measures agreement.[42] This was a precursor to the replacement of the franchise agreement with a rail contract.[43]

Rail contract (2021–present)[edit]

On 19 July 2021 the franchise agreement was replaced with a rail contract, which was due to expire on 23 July 2023.[44][45]

The timetable was amended in May 2022 to accommodate the London Overground extension to Barking Riverside,[46] the extension having started running in July 2022 as a spur from the Tilbury loop line east of Barking, sharing infrastructure with c2c services.

c2c is one of several train operators impacted by the 2022–2023 United Kingdom railway strikes, which was the first national rail strike in the UK for three decades.[47] Its workers are amongst those who are participating in industrial action owing to a dispute over pay and working conditions.[48] In February 2023, Department for Transport announced c2c's contract had been extended to 20 July 2025.[49]

Branding and marketing[edit]

LTS Rail logo used prior to the rebrand

The c2c name could be conceived to represent "city to coast" or "capital to coast", reflecting the nature of the route, or "commitment to customers".[50]

The c2c website stated:The name c2c doesn't mean anything specific. In a sense it can mean anything you want it to. Its uniqueness reflects the young, vibrant character of the people we serve. c2c could stand for coast to capital, or capital to coast. From our point of view, one of the most important things it stands for is commitment to customers.

National Express also referred to the c2c route as City to Coast.[51] c2c used the slogan "way2go", but later used the "Making travel simpler" slogan also used by other National Express companies.

Services[edit]

Class 357 Electrostar at Limehouse station in August 2007 in the original livery

Routes[edit]

c2c operates passenger services on the London, Tilbury and Southend line from Fenchurch Street in the City of London to Shoeburyness in Essex, a distance of 39 miles 40 chains (63.57 km).[52] The main line operates via Basildon with a loop line via Tilbury and a branch line via Ockendon. c2c trains connect Central London with East London and the northern Thames Gateway area of southern Essex. As of the December 2023 timetable, the main route between Fenchurch Street and Shoeburyness has a fastest timetabled journey of 56 minutes.[53] The line has a speed limit of 75 mph (121 km/h), although the Class 357 Electrostar trains are capable of 100 mph (160 km/h).[54] To meet a 2014 franchise commitment, since the December 2015 timetable change most services between Fenchurch Street and Barking at peak times call at all stations, including Limehouse and West Ham.[29]

London terminus[edit]

Most c2c services operate from Fenchurch Street railway station

As of December 2023[update], c2c runs two London–Shoeburyness services an hour at weekends that instead of calling at West Ham, Limehouse and Fenchurch Street are diverted from Barking to Stratford and Liverpool Street.[53] This enables c2c passengers to access Westfield Stratford City and the London Stadium directly. The alternative route is also used when engineering work or disruption blocks access to Fenchurch Street. This route runs over part of the London Overground Gospel Oak to Barking line and the Elizabeth line. c2c trains pass through Maryland, Forest Gate and Woodgrange Park stations without stopping.

Stations[edit]

c2c serves a total of 28 stations. 25 of the stations are managed by c2c. West Ham and Stratford stations are managed by the London Underground and Liverpool Street station is managed by Network Rail. There are interchanges with the London Underground District line at Fenchurch Street (via out of station transfer with Tower Hill), West Ham, Barking and Upminster. The Circle line has interchanges at Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street (via Tower Hill). The Hammersmith and City line has interchanges at Liverpool Street, West Ham and Barking. The Jubilee line has interchanges at West Ham and Stratford. The Central line has interchanges at Liverpool Street and Stratford. The Docklands Light Railway has interchanges at Fenchurch Street (via Tower Gateway), Limehouse, Stratford and West Ham. The Elizabeth line has interchanges at Liverpool Street and Stratford. The London Overground has interchanges at Liverpool Street, Stratford, Barking and Upminster.[55]

Timetable[edit]

As of December 2023[update] the off-peak Monday–Friday service is as follows:[53]

London, Tilbury and Southend line

Route

tph

Calling at

Fenchurch Street to Shoeburyness via Basildon

Limehouse, West Ham, Barking, Upminster, West Horndon, Laindon, Basildon, Pitsea, Benfleet, Leigh-on-Sea, Chalkwell, Westcliff, Southend Central, Southend East, Thorpe Bay

Fenchurch Street to Southend Central via Ockendon

Limehouse, West Ham, Barking, Upminster, Ockendon, Chafford Hundred Lakeside, Grays, Tilbury Town, East Tilbury, Stanford-le-Hope, Pitsea, Benfleet, Leigh-on-Sea, Chalkwell, Westcliff

Fenchurch Street to Grays via Rainham

Limehouse, West Ham, Barking, Dagenham Dock, Rainham, Purfleet

Future services[edit]

Beam Park Station, a new station, will eventually become part of the c2c Network, between Dagenham Dock and Rainham.

Ticketing[edit]

c2c has issued tickets for travel to National Rail ITSO smartcards branded 'c2c Smart' since 3 November 2014.[56]

Through historic agreement there is interavailable ticketing with the London Underground between Fenchurch Street/Tower Hill and Upminster, with the fares set by Transport for London.[57] Since January 2004 the pay-as-you-go product on Oyster card has been available at stations between Fenchurch Street/Liverpool Street and Upminster.[58] It was extended to Dagenham Dock and Rainham in 2008.[59] In January 2010 it was extended to Chafford Hundred, Grays, Ockendon and Purfleet.[60]

Pay-as-you-go payment by contactless bank card or smartphone is available at all stations between Fenchurch Street/Liverpool Street and Grays.[55] Contactless pay-as-you-go payment was due to be extended to all stations by December 2023.[61][62] The expansion of contactless pay-as-you-go ticketing was delayed indefinitely because of technical problems.[63]

Starting 3 December 2023, fares were revised with a new weekday evening peak period introduced between 4pm and 7pm, during which off-peak tickets could no longer be used. Super off-peak tickets were withdrawn entirely.[63]

From January 2024 c2c started to accept electronic tickets that can be purchased and stored on a mobile phone. This followed a trial during December 2023.[64]

Rolling stock[edit]

Slam-door replacement[edit]

Class 312 at Shoeburyness station on 29 March 2003, the final day of running.

LTS Rail inherited a fleet of slam-door electric multiple unit Class 302, Class 310 and Class 312 trainsets from Network SouthEast. The original franchise agreement was for 25 sliding door trainsets (consisting of 100 carriages) to be transferred from West Anglia Great Northern (WAGN) and for 44 new trains (consisting of 176 carriages) to be ordered by the company.[65] LTS Rail ordered 44 Class 357 Electrostar units in 1997, to be leased from Porterbrook.[66] The most elderly Class 302 units were removed from regular service on 4 July 1998, with some sets retained as spares in case of stock shortages.[67] By mid-1997, WAGN had released 18 Class 317 units. However, both companies were experiencing an unexpected increase in passenger numbers and WAGN was unable to release more vehicles by December 1998.[68]

The franchise agreement was renegotiated in November 1998 to replace the entire LTS Rail fleet with new vehicles, allowing for the return of the Class 317s to WAGN and the planned elimination of slam-door stock by March 2002.[6] The first Class 357 train was delivered in 1999.[69] A second batch of 28 Class 357 units was ordered in December 1999,

to be leased from Angel Trains.[70] This satisfied a franchise commitment to increase the fleet by 3 units. Reliability problems with the new trains led to their withdrawal from service at peak times in October 2000.[71] By way of compensation, two additional units were added to the first order for free by the supplier Adtranz.[72][full citation needed] In 2003, c2c became the first train operating company to have replaced its entire fleet with new accessible trains. The last slam-door Class 312 service ran on 29 March 2003.[73]

In March 2007, after extensive trials, c2c began fitting regenerative braking to its fleet, becoming the first UK train operator to do so.[74] On 3 June 2007, the eve of World Environment Day, one train was given an all-over green vinyl sticker livery with the slogan "All c2c trains are greener now – find out more at – www.c2c-online.co.uk – c2c – the greener way to go" to highlight the completion of the scheme, which the company says has enabled energy savings of up to 20%.[75]

With a few Class 357s being out of service at the same time, from late 2006 two Class 321s were hired from Silverlink for three months for weekday peak-hour use between Fenchurch Street and Laindon, and Pitsea via Rainham, to cover for the unavailable units.

In June 2009, Bombardier began repainting the Class 357 units.[76] The vinyl wraps carrying the original purplish blue and magenta c2c livery were removed and the units reliveried in white with dark blue doors.[76] The last blue liveried train ran on 5 March 2011.[77]

Overcrowding relief[edit]

c2c passenger numbers (millions) 2011 – 2019 Q2 (rolling 12 month figure)[78][79]

As part of the new 2014 franchise, c2c committed to leasing new trains to cope with rising passenger numbers, which were boosted especially by the opening of the Docklands Light Railway station at West Ham in 2011 and the rise of Canary Wharf as a financial centre.[80]

The Class 357 trains had been introduced with high density 3+2 seating, consisting of 282 seats and space for 124 standing, giving a total capacity of 406 passengers per four carriage unit. In late 2015 c2c adapted 20% of its carriages into a "Metro" configuration with seats removed around doorways and in the aisle to provide a 2+2 layout. The Metro configuration consists of 222 seats, space for 334 standing, and a total passenger capacity of 556 per four carriage unit.[81] This addressed the issue of the high volumes of passengers using c2c to travel to/from West Ham and Barking, which, with Upminster, are served by the parallel London Underground service. In the evening peak, these passengers can displace those eastbound passengers who use more easterly and less well-served stations.[82]

In early 2016, c2c announced that it would lease additional trains to relieve overcrowding.[83] This led to its leasing six Class 387s for three years from Porterbrook to increase capacity on the busiest services.[84][85] The first entered service in November 2016.[86]

In December 2017, c2c announced an order with Porterbrook for six ten-car Class 720/6 Aventra electric multiple units. The new units are scheduled for delivery between mid and late 2021, meaning they will all be in service three years earlier than the initial planned phased introduction period.[87] The first 720/6 was delivered to c2c on 19 April 2022, and the fleet was due to enter service in 2022.[88][non-primary source needed]

The order was later changed to 12 5-car units. These new units were planned to replace the allocation of six four-car Class 387 units, which c2c was operating on a short-term lease.

On 6 October 2022, the Southend Echo newspaper quoted a c2c spokesperson as saying that "Our 720 class trains are currently undergoing rigorous testing. We will update our customers as soon as we have more information as to when they will be entering passenger service on the c2c route.”[89]

In a March 2023 interview c2c's managing director Rob Mullen said that it was planned for the Class 720s to enter service later in the year.[90]

On 2 June 2023, MyLondon reported that the new trains would come into passenger service in the following September.[91]

c2c's Class 720 fleet entered service on 27 September 2023.[92]

Current fleet[edit]

The c2c fleet is maintained at East Ham Depot and Shoeburyness Depot.

Family

Class

Image

Type

Top speed

Number

Carriages

Routes operated

Built

mph

km/h

Bombardier Electrostar

357

EMU

100

161

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1999–2002

Bombardier Aventra

720/6[93]

EMU

100

161

London, Tilbury and Southend line

2022[94]

Former fleet[edit]

Below is a table of former units operated by c2c.

Family

Class

Image

Type

Top speed

Number

Carriages

Routes operated

Built

Left fleet

mph

km/h

BR First Generation (Mark 1)

302

EMU

121

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1958–1959

1998

BR First Generation (Mark 2)

310

EMU

121

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1965–1967

2002

BR First Generation (Mark 2)

312

EMU

145

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1975–1978

2003

BR Second Generation (Mark 3)

317

EMU

100

161

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1981–1982, 1985–1987

2002

BR Second Generation (Mark 3)

321

EMU

100

161

London, Tilbury and Southend line

1981–1982, 1985–1987

2007

Bombardier Electrostar

387/3

EMU

110

177

London, Tilbury and Southend line

2016

2022[95]

Performance[edit]

As of 31 March 2022, the statistical performance of c2c is as follows. Between April 2021 and March 2022, there were 28.1 million passenger journeys (up from 15 million in 2020/2021 and down from 47.3 million in 2019/2020). Passengers travelled 622 million kilometres in 2021/22 (up from 329 million kilometres in 2020/2021 and down from 1,201 million kilometres in 2019/2020). In 2021/2022 trains travelled in service for 6 million kilometres (unchanged from 2020/2021 and down from 7.2 million kilometres in 2019/2020). There were 104,283 trains planned to run in service in 2021/2022 (up from 101,145 in 2020/2021 and down from 123,355 in 2019/2020). The percentage of trains on time in 2021/2022 was 83.4% (down from 84.9% in 2020/2021 and up from 82.5% in 2019/2020). 1.3% of planned services were cancelled in 2021/2022 (up from 1.0% in 2020/2021 and down from 1.6% in 2019/2020). c2c has 633.4 full-time equivalent employees (lowest level over the last five years). c2c operates on 125.5 kilometres of route (unchanged). c2c manages 25 stations (unchanged).[96]

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External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to C2c.

Official website

New creation

Operator of London, Tilbury & Southend franchise 1996–2014

Abolished

New creation

Operator of Essex Thameside franchise 2014 – 2021

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What is C2C or consumer-to-consumer? Definition and examples

C2C, which stands for Consumer-to-Consumer, is the exchange of products or services among consumers. Nowadays, we mostly use this term when referring to trading goods online.

The rise of social media has significantly expanded C2C interactions, enabling consumers to connect and exchange goods through networks and community groups.

The term also stands for Customer-to-Customer.

Traditionally, people would participate in C2C commerce when selling or buying products at a flea market. Individual consumers could also interact commercially through newspaper adverts.

A flea market is an outdoor market where people sell second-hand, items, antiques, etc. In the UK, people call them ‘car boot sales.’

Wikipedia says the following regarding the term:

“Customer-to-customer (C2C) markets provide an innovative way to allow customers to interact with each other.”

“Traditional markets require business-to-customer relationships, in which a customer goes to the business in order to purchase a product or service.”

Millions of people buy and sell things to each other each day. They are C2C traders.

C2C process is simple

The consumer-to-consumer model differs from others because consumers interact with each other. The process of selling is relatively simple. It is much simpler than, for example, in the B2B or B2G worlds.

B2B stands for business-to-business, i.e., companies selling to other companies. B2G, on the other hand, means business-to-government.

In most cases, consumers need no marketing strategies because they can offer their products through different platforms online.

The consumer-to-consumer model has become progressively more popular since the advent of the Internet.

C2C – the Internet

Through the internet, individuals have been able to sell their products to bigger audiences over platforms or intermediaries.

Intermediaries have also increased consumer-to-consumer interaction, promoting engagement between users.

Amazon and eBay, for example, are two giant intermediaries.

eBay is an online auction site that enables consumers to trade with each other at any time.

Amazon has a B2C and C2C mix, i.e., it lets businesses sell to consumers and consumers sell to consumers.

B2C stands for business-to-consumer, i.e., companies selling to individual people.

Most websites will let purchasers buy freely. However, the seller must pay a fee or commission. The size of the fee depends on the exposure the seller requires.

Promoting your product for two weeks, for example, costs more than doing it for just one day.

Online C2C disadvantages

Like any type of business, consumer-to-consumer has some disadvantages. Methods of payment can sometimes be a problem. The quality of the product on sale can also be an issue.

Some C2C websites, however, have secure payment facilities.

PayPal, for example, lets people make and receive online payments.

Levels of quality may sometimes be a problem because some trades might be one-off exchanges. Also, many consumer-to-consumer trades are for second-hand goods.

In response to quality concerns, many C2C platforms have implemented rating systems, allowing buyers to review sellers and provide feedback on their transactions.

Online C2C advantages

For consumers, a consumer-to-consumer e-commerce model has its benefits. Users can keep their costs low and get a higher margin.

E-commerce stands for ‘electronic commerce.’ E-commerce means doing business, i.e., buying and selling things, online.

C2C sites offer a better deal because consumers can trade without having to sell at a brick-and-mortar store.

People can save time looking for the item they need online without having to drive all over town.

C2C example sentences

Below are some example sentences containing “C2C,” to help you see how we can use the term in context.

“The rise of C2C marketplaces has made it easier for individuals to become entrepreneurs with just a few clicks.”

“When I started my handmade jewelry business, I never imagined that C2C platforms would be such a powerful tool for reaching customers.”

“The success of the C2C economy is evident in how people now prefer to shop for unique, one-of-a-kind items directly from their creators.”

“C2C transactions have not only revolutionized the way we buy and sell goods but also how we perceive the value of second-hand items.”

“Trust plays a critical role in C2C dealings, as both buyers and sellers rely on reputation and reviews.”

“One of the most significant challenges in the C2C space is ensuring secure payment methods that protect both parties involved.”

“The convenience of C2C shopping means you can find rare collectibles from the comfort of your home without scouring countless flea markets.”

Video – What is C2C?

This video presentation, from our YouTube partner channel – Marketing Business Network, explains what ‘C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)’ means using simple and easy-to-understand language and examples.

C2C eCommerce: Definition, Benefits, Examples, and More

eCommerce: Definition, Benefits, Examples, and MoreContactmenuHomeOur ServicesSwiftKartCase StudyBlogContactC2C eCommerce: Definition, Benefits, Examples, and MoreThere was a time when C2C ecommerce platforms almost didn’t exist. Buyers used to doubt the quality they might receive online and sellers weren’t sure if they would be able to make a sale online. But during the pandemic, C2C ecommerce has made a global impact in the ecommerce world.Nowadays, millions of people sell their unwanted goods online. And to enable them to sell directly to buyers, more and more entrepreneurs are creating C2C ecommerce stores.However, there are a lot of business owners who still have no idea about the benefits of this business model and the best C2C ecommerce platforms out there. In this blog, Techosquare will tell you everything about launching a C2C ecommerce store in 2022.From meaning to benefits, and examples to popular ecommerce platforms, we will cover all important aspects. Let’s start with the meaning first!What is C2C eCommerce?Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) ecommerce is a commerce model in which one consumer sells his goods or services to other consumers online. It is one of the four pivotal ecommerce business models, the other three being B2B (business-to-business), C2B (consumer-to-business), and B2C (business-to-consumer).transaction that is made between two customers is led by a third party, basically by online actuation, social media platform, or ecommerce website, that looks after transaction status, payments, and other aspects. It helps sellers as well as buyers to find each other by charging a small fee or commission.What are Benefits of C2C eCommerce Business Model?The digital shift in the consumer buying and selling process is very real and businesses who are not already online will need to act fast and enter the C2C ecommerce scene soon.If your motive is to provide consumers a platform to buy and sell goods in all segments or a specific segment, generate max sales and give a boost to your market share, you need to understand the value of C2C ecommerce.So, why exactly should you be starting a C2C ecommerce store? Here are the reasons:#1 Huge profitsW. Edwards Deming - a famous American engineer - once said, “Profit in business comes from repeat customers; customers who boast about your product or service and bring their friends along.” By providing a good online C2C platform to buy and sell, your business will gain their trust.Also, they are likely to recommend your C2C ecommerce marketplace store to their friends which in turn will increase profitability for both sellers and your business. And do you know what else will boost profit? Zero involvement of intermediaries! It will lower the cost of the product or service being offered, thus, increasing business profitability.#2 More savingsEarlier, C2C used to occur mostly at flea markets, through the classified section of a newspaper, at a garage sale, or thrift stores. Sellers had to secure their stall in the market area in order to sell products. They also had to pay for taking space outside the shop or at a specific spot in the flea market, electricity, and staff.As if these weren’t bad enough, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited physical buying-selling interaction to a great extent. Meaning, sellers aren't making enough profits to easily pay those additional costs.*Enters C2C ecommerce model*Starting a C2C ecommerce marketplace provides sellers a platform to sell their products to online buyers and lower operational costs by a long chalk and that too while sitting at home.Benefit for you? You will make money from fees or commissions charged to sellers for listing items for sale or on making a sale. And those commissions will be way more than commissions you used to make in the physical world.70 e-commerce features to include in your C2C ecommerce store.#3 Increased customer baseOne of the biggest advantages of the C2C ecommerce model. With a physical marketplace, the number of visitors and potential customers walking in depends on chance, store location, and marketing. With a C2C ecommerce store, the chances of getting visits by customers (both sellers and buyers) and transactions are much higher.C2C ecommerce also increases your access to a worldwide audience. Meaning, customers will be able to come to your platform and sell their products, that too while sitting in different corners of the world. They will increase the chances of conversion.#4 Convenience for both partiesOkay, this benefit is not for C2C ecommerce platform owners but customers (sellers and buyers). The C2C ecommerce business model removes most barriers that prevent people from using virtual of business models. Meaning, it provides convenience to both buyers and sellers.The costs involved in starting a traditional small business or thrift store to sell products are too high for many sellers. In fact, some sellers don’t even want to sell their products as their main source of income. Similarly, it is difficult to find and buy goods at services at reasonable prices for buyers in their cities.C2C ecommerce model will sweep away these inconveniences and make it easy to conduct business from your own home.What are Best C2C eCommerce Business Examples?There are many C2C ecommerce business examples already involved in several different industries. Here are the popular ones:EtsyAre you a huge fan of handmade or vintage products as well as unique factory products? If yes, you must have heard about Etsy. It is a very popular multivendor C2C ecommerce store that allows customers (especially those independent artists and crafters) to sell their goods to other customers.Etsy focuses on handmade toys, collectibles, art, home goods, vintage furniture, clothing, and jewellery.eBayWe bet you guys know this C2C ecommerce website very well. Who doesn’t? eBay is a popular shopping website in which customers buy and sell a large variety of goods and services worldwide. And do you know this website is not only built for customers? Businesses can also enjoy the great benefits of eBay.Meaning, apart from using C2C ecommerce model, eBay also utilizes B2C business model. This website has been in the industry for a long time and has great market acknowledgment.OLXOne of the greatest C2C ecommerce platform examples to emerge from India. OLX is almost similar to eBay. OLX has made it so easy for people to buy, sell, and exchange new as well as used goods and services online. One major difference between these two websites is that it doesn’t use a B2C business model.Another difference is that unlike eBay, which asks you for an insertion fee when you create a listing, and a final value fee when your item sells, OLX is mostly free. This C2C ecommerce website also has its own mobile applicationAliExpressAnother great C2C ecommerce platform example. Alibaba allows customers to sell their products to other customers worldwide. Also known for using the B2C ecommerce model, this giant trading platform is built specifically for Chinese customers who want to sell and ship their products outside of China. AliExpress has over 150 million customers all over the world including US, Canada, India, Russia, UK, and other countries.Okay, it seems like we have covered all important aspects of the C2C ecommerce store. That said, we are…Wait, aren’t we forgetting something?Oh, we didn’t tell you about the C2C ecommerce platform!Which is the Best Platform for Building a C2C eCommerce Store?SwiftKart is one of the finest self-hosted C2C e-commerce software solutions that can be used to launch fully functional and aesthetically pleasing C2C stores. The self-hosted solution is loaded with powerful features that simplify the digital transformation for offline C2C businesses.Online customer-to-customer stores, especially marketplaces, built using SwiftKart bring the best of both worlds by guaranteeing quick turnaround, low cost, and future scalability.The following are the reasons why SwiftKart has captured the fancy of C2C business owners in 2022:Multilingual capabilities.Airtight security100% scalabilityMulti-vendor capabilitiesOne-time fee starting at US$999All core e-commerce featuresMobile-friendly designLearn more about the best C2C ecommerce store builder .C2C eCommerce: Final WordsC2C ecommerce industry is a flourishing and rapidly developing industry of 2022 that has made the process of buying and selling for customers as easy as ABC. Also, keep in mind that the beginning of a C2C ecommerce store can be quite difficult.Make sure to do thorough research, give your C2C business some time, and use proper planning and tools. We have now told you everything about C2C ecommerce.Got any queries to ask? Send them to info@techosquare.com and have them answered by our ecommerce experts.Also read:How to start an e-commerce store in 2022.10 niche e-commerce business ideas to dominate 20225-step DIY guide to take offline business onlineUltimate B2B ecommerce business guideCheck out our services:PHP development services in IndiaEcommerce website development services in IndiaWeb application development services in IndiaHiring a Developer for Your Startup - Step-by-Step Guide Launch Your Online Store with SwiftKartGet In Touch +91 (172) 4639432info@techosquare.comTechoSquare,5th Floor, Sebiz Square, building no. IT C6, Sector 67, Mohali, Punjab - 160062.Our ServicesWebsite DesignApplication DevelopmentEcommerce DevelopmentCustom Web DevelopmentHire Dedicated ResourcesEcommerce Marketplace SoftwarePHP DevelopmentIT ConsultationEcommerce store playbookMobile app development services indiaLinksHomeJoin UsWhy TechoSquarePrivacy PolicyProject ManagementContactEcommerce store features listCopyright © 2024Do you like cookies? We use cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Learn moreI agreeOur Services×Website DesignApplication DevelopmentEcommerce DevelopmentCustom Web DevelopmentHire Dedicated ResourcesEcommerce Marketplace SoftwarePHP DevelopmentIT Consultat

What is C2C: Customer-to-customer model definition, benefits, tips

at is C2C: Customer-to-customer model definition, benefits, tips Last updated: May 4, 2023 What is C2C: Customer-to-customer model definition, benefits, tips Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on Linkedin Open navigation menu Commerce Commerce B2B Commerce B2C Commerce E-Commerce CPG Mobile Commerce Industries all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles Customer Experience Customer Experience Customer Data Customer Journey UX Public Sector Employee Engagement all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles Marketing Marketing Customer Engagement SEO Social Media Content Marketing all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles Sales Sales CRM Sales Success AI Revenue all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles Service Service Customer Service Field Service all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles Purpose Purpose Diversity and Inclusion Gender Equality Thought Leadership all sub-categories > Previous page of articles Next page of articles More + CommerceCustomer ExperienceMarketingSalesServicePurpose Open Search Search for articles Submit Search Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Linkedin Subscribe to our RSS feed Listen to our podcasts What is C2C: Customer-to-customer model definition, benefits, tips 3 shares Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on Linkedin Listen to article 1X 0.5X 0.75X 1X 1.25X 1.5X 1.75X 2X Download audio as MP3 You’re probably familiar with B2B (business-to-business), B2C (business-to-consumer), and D2C (direct-to-consumer) business models. But what is C2C e-commerce? C2C is customer-to-customer, or consumer-to-consumer business model. Early forms of C2C business took the form of flea markets and garage sales. Today, C2C is primarily an e-commerce business model hosted on platforms that facilitate business transactions between buyers and sellers of goods and services. E-commerce continues to evolve and adapt after the pandemic forced the world online to do business even more than it had been, and the C2C e-commerce model has experienced exponential growth over the last couple of years. In Europe, according to McKinsey research, 30% of respondents said they’ve used C2C platforms to buy secondhand clothes. With many people changing careers or building side businesses, C2C platforms are likely to continue growing and connecting people who sell their goods and services to those who wish to buy them. E-commerce trends 2023: 15 stats + aspects shaping online shopping E-commerce trends in 2023 reflect an always-connected society. See the top 15 trends and stats driving the future of commerce. What is C2C? C2C means consumer-to-consumer or customer-to-customer business model, where individual consumers transact goods or services directly with other individual consumers using online marketplaces or platforms like eBay, Etsy, or Craigslist. Most platforms also provide ways for sellers to offer shipping options and buyers to select their preferred shipping and handling speed and price point. C2C e-commerce platforms offer varying benefits and incentives for sellers and buyers, like discounts for selling in bulk and prompting sellers to offer deals for customers who buy multiple items at the same time. C2C e-commerce has been popular for well over a decade, but saw massive growth when the pandemic forced many customers and companies to take their business online. What is C2C e-commerce? C2C e-commerce is a type of e-commerce where consumers can sell items they no longer need or want directly to other consumers, without the involvement of a business or intermediary. C2C e-commerce platforms like Craigslist, eBay, and Facebook Marketplace started out like online garage sales or a table at a craft show, but have evolved to include many actual businesses with digital storefronts either in place of or in addition to a brick-and-mortar presence. Many individuals sell products part time or full time on C2C platforms, while some use the platforms to sell items very rarely. The primary function of C2C e-commerce platforms is to facilitate the transactions between buyers and sellers. At a minimum, this includes providing a space for sellers to list goods and services for sale, and often includes payment services like PayPal, Venmo, Apple Pay, Amazon Payments, and other convenient methods that allow buyers to make purchases and sellers to collect payments. The history of e-commerce: A long and winding road Learn the history of e-commerce and what the future holds for businesses and consumers with regard to the buying and selling of goods and services on the internet. How does C2C e-commerce work? Every platform has its own features, but here’s a general outline of how C2C e-commerce works: Registration Listing items for sale Searching and browsing Making a purchase Shipping Feedback Step 1: Registration Buyers and sellers must register for an account by providing their name, email address, and other relevant information to get started buying and selling. This often includes connecting or setting up a method for paying sellers or collecting and processing payments from customers, which may include registering for additional payment services like PayPal, Venmo, Apply Pay, and CashApp. For sellers, the more payment options available, the more convenient it is for potential customers to make purchases. Step 2: Listing items for sale As a seller, a crucial part of the process is listing your items with a description, photos, and video of what you’re selling. Research your competitors on the platform and other similar platforms to find out how they describe and price items similar to what you’re offering. Improving on descriptions, images, or videos can help a listing stand out from the competition. Step 3: Searching and browsing Each C2C platform has its own internal search engine driven by algorithms to display items most relevant to the user’s search intent, just like Google and Bing, except on a narrower scale. As on search engines like Google, users enter keywords or phrases for what they’re looking for, and the platform returns results that it hopes will eventually lead to a transaction between a seller and a buyer. Step 4: Making a purchase Most platforms allow customers to make purchases by clicking a “buy now” button or by adding items to a cart and then completing a checkout process. Some C2C sales proceed as auctions, as on eBay. However, eBay also allows sellers to simply list items with a fixed price or as a hybrid listing that begins as an auction, then allows customers to “buy now” if they don’t want to wait for the auction to end, or if they don’t want to compete in an auction and potentially pay more for the item. The customer then chooses shipping speed (if multiple options are offered) and payment method to complete the sale. Typically, C2C e-commerce platforms allow buyers to use services for free while earning revenue through fees collected from sellers for each sale. Additional revenue often comes from advertising. Step 5: Shipping Options for shipping often range from the speediest “expedited” offering—which usually has the highest price—to possibly a mid-range speed and price or a standard shipping rate and speed. Some platforms offer local pickup as an option, and sellers on some sites like Craigslist and Facebook Marketplace tend to offer local pickup as the only option. Shipping options will depend on the item size and weight as well as the distance—whether the package is going across town or to another continent. Step 6: Feedback Customers tend to feel confident when buying from a well-known brand that has a strong reputation and a customer service department. However, finding trustworthy information about an individual seller on Amazon or Etsy can be hard. Feedback left by previous customers often provides a sense for what it’s like to deal with the seller, if the products are described accurately, what the packaging is like, and how easy it is to resolve any issues that may come up. To gain customer trust, platforms also have an interest to make sure the feedback is fair and accurate, but they also want to focus on positive comments to encourage sales. So, it’s important as a buyer to learn to read between the lines and read reviews with a grain of salt. It’s also important for buyers to do their part by leaving fair and accurate feedback. Generation Z consumer behavior: What brands need to know Gen Z consumers are beginning to flex their economic muscles, bringing different perspectives and expectations than previous generations. Brands need to adapt. What factors impact C2C e-commerce? One of the biggest hurdles in the early days of C2C e-commerce was convincing customers that their information was safe when paying online. Services like PayPal helped get buyers and sellers both used to and comfortable with paying online with a credit card or bank account. Today, it’d seem absurd to mail a personal check or money order for everything (or anything) we buy online—then to wait for it to reach the seller, wait for the seller to cash the check and make sure it clears before actually shipping the item. But paying safely is only one aspect of the trust and safety customers expect from C2C platforms. Buyers and sellers alike must trust that the platform can and will mediate and safeguard against fraud or a deal gone sour so it doesn’t become the digital Wild West. After trust and security, user experience is a top factor in C2C e-commerce success. If the platform is difficult to use in any way, people will simply go somewhere else. Everything must be as intuitive and user friendly as possible: Registration Listing items Searching for items Making purchases Tracking sales and purchases Returns and refunds Dispute resolution Sharing items with others across social media, email, and text Other factors that impact C2C include: Pricing and fees. If prices and fees are unreasonable or there’s a lack of transparency or consistency, sellers will find other platforms where they can predict and earn wider profit margins. Fewer sellers means fewer items for customers means fewer customers means fewer sellers, becoming a catch-22. Competition. Keeping sellers and a greater selection of products on the virtual market keeps competition among sellers healthy and prices down, which attracts more customers, making it worthwhile for sellers to do more business there. Customer service. One of the most important parts of any business is ensuring exceptional customer service. Although platforms urge both parties to resolve any conflicts amicably, some buyers and sellers just aren’t going to be able to work things out on their own. A C2C marketplace like Amazon has its own customer service policies and procedures in place to step in and resolve conflicts when necessary. Marketing and promotion. Word of mouth and loyal customers only happen after marketing and promotion have brought them to an online store in the first place. Listing items is a start, but driving traffic, sales, and revenue requires getting the word out about your products and where people can find them. The right kind of marketing for your business will be different from the next person’s, but doing nothing is not an option. Even optimizing your listings for search can go a long way. What is recommerce: Definition, benefits, examples Recommerce is booming as sustainability and affordability become consumer priorities. Learn the benefits for brands and get tips for resale success. What are advantages and disadvantages of the C2C model? As with any business model, C2C has its pros and cons for both buyers and sellers. Here are some of the main advantages of the C2C model: Zero to minimal set-up costs. Startup costs can add up quickly for other business models, often taking years to recover and become profitable. C2C platforms provide the space and most of the tools for getting your goods and services in front of your target audience. Higher margin for seller. Lower startup costs and overhead means wider profit margins for sellers. Lower prices for buyer. Competition among sellers keeps prices down, benefitting buyers looking for great deals. Access to large customer base. For sellers, when so much of the startup cost is marketing and reaching customers, having immediate access to people who are there to buy is a huge advantage. Access to a large selection of products & services. For buyers, large C2C e-commerce marketplaces like eBay, Amazon, and Etsy mean they can find almost everything they want and more. Have you read about what people buy when they’ve been drinking? “Large selection” hardly begins to describe it. Convenience. There’s no question that convenience is worth a lot to everyone when time is at a premium and stress is everywhere. The convenience of a solid C2C platform reduces friction, making a great experience for buyers and sellers alike. And some top disadvantages of the C2C model: Lack of quality control. The C2C platform does not inspect the items listed for sale, which can lead to lower-quality products being sold to unsuspecting buyers and hurting buyer trust and confidence. Scams. Unscrupulous sellers can register and sell fakes or misrepresented items, potentially scamming buyers until removed from the platform. Competition undercutting prices. Sometimes the competition gets a little too intense and, well, ruthless, when sellers undercut each other’s prices until there’s no profit margin left. Eventually, customers get used to a price point and it becomes difficult to raise the price to make a profit. Shopping under the influence: Woozy shoppers spend billions via e-commerce Americans spend more than $420 on average for drunk shopping purchases. What are they buying? We've got the answers. How can I succeed with my ecommerce business on a C2C platform or marketplace? As with any business, whether B2B, B2C, D2C, or any others, sticking to the fundamentals should serve you well and help build a strong foundation for a successful C2C e-commerce business. Here are a few suggestions to keep in mind: Understand your target audience. Selling to everyone can be selling to no one. Know who you’re selling to and understand what they want, how your products serve a need and/or help them solve a problem. Understand what’s important to them and their pain points. Meet customers where they are with the right message and the right product at the right time and in the right place. Provide high-quality products or services. Not only does this mean customers are more likely to return to buy again, but you can believe in what you’re selling and stand by it. Seeking cheaper, lower-quality goods and services to sell is likely to backfire in the form of dissatisfied customers, more complaints and refunds, less profit, and more headaches to deal with. Price competitively. Although you want to sell high-quality products, customers still want a good deal. And the competition will keep trying to undercut you anyway. A professional profile goes a long way toward establishing your credibility, trustworthiness, and the value of the products you offer. Authenticity and transparency are virtues. Use high-quality images & videos where possible. As part of your professional profile, high-quality images and videos speak to the quality of your business and the products you offer. Offer excellent customer service. As always, customer service can make or break a business. Exceptional customer service can bring customers back even after a less than exceptional experience. Stay active on the platform. Being visible and responsive is another way to gain customer trust and keep your products and business top of mind for customers on the platform. Continuously seek feedback. Improving and innovating requires the capacity for taking feedback and using it to meet customer needs and grow the business. The C2C business model is a form of e-commerce that will continue to grow as digital tools and cloud computing enable greater capabilities and open new opportunities for where and how sellers can reach consumers and customers can pay for and consume goods and services. Entrepreneurs from all over the globe and in areas previously out of reach will find increasing business opportunity through C2C platforms. Shifting retail landscapes. Varying buying behavior. What makes people click “buy”? We’ve got the answers HERE. Share this article Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on Linkedin 3 shares Written by Jenn Vande Zande Follow on Linkedin Follow on Twitter Newsletter signup Subscribe to our newsletter for the most up-to-date e-commerce insights. Subscribe Featured Sections Previous The Future of Industries Die Zukunftvon CX(Deutsch) El Futuro de la Experiencia del Cliente (LATAM) O Futuro da Experiência do Cliente (Brasil) The Future of E-Commerce Future ofSupply Chain Customer Data& Privacy Sustainabilityin Business HR + Employee Experience Next Search by Topic beginning with #ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Meet Our Contributors » About Us Contact Us Contribute Disclaimer Privacy Statement Terms of Use Legal Disclosure Copyright Trademark Cookie Preferences Darkmode Presented by SAP Customer Experience Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Linkedin Subscribe to our RSS feed Listen to our podcasts Read Article Share on Twitter Share on Facebook Share on Linkedin Close video overlay Subscribe to our newsletter for the most up-to-date e-commerce insights. Subscribe Commerce trends and insights presented by SAP Customer Experience Close dialog × Success! Thanks for contacting us! We will get in touch with you shortly. 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c2c Train Travel: Buy Tickets - Apps on Google Play

Train Travel: Buy Tickets - Apps on Google PlayGamesAppsMoviesBooksKidsgoogle_logo PlayGamesAppsMoviesBooksKidsnonesearchhelp_outline Sign in with Googleplay_appsLibrary & devicespaymentPayments & subscriptionsreviewsMy Play activityredeemOffersPlay PasssettingsSettingsPrivacy Policy • Terms of ServiceGamesAppsMoviesBooksKidsplay_arrowTrailerc2c Train Travel: Buy Ticketsc2c (Trenitalia c2c Ltd)50K+DownloadsRated for 3+infoInstallShareAdd to wishlistplay_arrowTrailerAbout this apparrow_forwardChoose e-tickets for the easiest way to travel - all you need is your phoneNow you can buy e-tickets for travel across the c2c line via the c2c Train Travel app. No more queues, just download your e-ticket in the c2c app, or from your booking confirmation email, place the barcode on the scanner at the gates and go! You can also save your e-ticket to your Google Wallet. View your e-ticket in the ‘My Tickets’ section of the c2c app.Apply discounts to your e-ticketsBuy discounted tickets with your Railcard, purchase Online Advance tickets, or buy single or return daily tickets on the c2c app - all available as e-tickets. Use the app to check what train tickets you’ve already bought, giving you peace of mind when you travel.Use c2c Smartcard for season tickets and travelcardsTravelcards, Flexi and other season tickets are not available to buy as e-tickets. However, you can still buy these tickets in-app and load them to your c2c Smartcard so you can still skip the queues and enjoy contactless travel. Find the cheapest ticketsWith the c2c Train Travel app, it's easy and quick to search for train tickets - the cheapest option is always highlighted for you.The c2c app is also ideal for buying all UK train tickets, without having to pay any booking fees.Get live travel updates and push notifications across the c2c networkTravel with real-time information such as train times and platform information. Sign up to push notifications to hear personalised journey updates based on your itinerary, important updates affecting travel across the c2c network, and information about expiring tickets you may have bought.You can also see ticket office opening times and station facilities to help you plan your journey.Do you have a c2c Smartcard? then we have even more benefits for youOrder a c2c Smartcard and manage your Smartcard train tickets. Check how much credit you have in your account, see the Loyalty points you've earned, and any e-vouchers received from Automatic Delay Repay. Use your credit and loyalty points for money off future c2c tickets.For more information about c2c trains and the c2c route, visit www.c2c-online.co.uk.Updated onJan 31, 2024Maps & NavigationData safetyarrow_forwardSafety starts with understanding how developers collect and share your data. Data privacy and security practices may vary based on your use, region, and age. The developer provided this information and may update it over time.No data shared with third partiesLearn more about how developers declare sharingThis app may collect these data typesLocation, Personal info and 3 othersData is encrypted in transitYou can request that data be deletedSee detailsWhat's newe-tickets are now available to buy on the c2c app. Simply choose the e-ticket option when buying and download it to travel. You can also save it to your Google Wallet. Don’t forget to scan your barcode on the reader at the gates.flagFlag as inappropriateApp supportexpand_morepublicWebsitephonePhone number+443457444422emailSupport emailcontact@c2crail.co.ukshieldPrivacy PolicySimilar appsarrow_forwardTrainPal - Cheap Train TicketsTrainPal5.0starNational Express CoachNational Express Ltd4.3starTrainline: Train travel Europethetrainline4.9starEurostar TrainsEurostar International Limited4.8starflagFlag as inappropriateGoogle PlayPlay PassPlay PointsGift cardsRedeemRefund policyKids & familyParent GuideFamily sharingTerms of ServicePrivacyAbout Google PlayDevelopersGoogle StorePhilippines (English (United State

比特派下载|c2c

比特派下载|c2c

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比特派下载|c2c

比特派下载|c2c

W2 vs C2C – All You Need to Know and the Difference | OPTnation

What is C2C? Understanding the Customer-to-Customer Model

What Is C2C? How Does the Customer-to-Customer Model Work?

c2c - Wikipedia

JourneyCheck - Train times and live real time delay/cancellation/disruption information.

Just a moment...

What is C2C? Definition and examples - Market Business News

C2C eCommerce: Definition, Benefits, Examples, and More

What is C2C: Customer-to-customer model definition, benefits, tips

c2c Train Travel: Buy Tickets - Apps on Google Play

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